Features and basic structure of yurts

The characteristics and basic structure of yurts The characteristics of yurts: 1. It is suitable for the natural environment of the Mongolian plateau 1) Mongolians describe their felt bags with sheep stomachs, because the shape of the yurts in the thirteenth century is like this. The top of the yurt is round and sharp, and the middle is wide and round. The following can be counted as"quasi-circle"The characteristics of this form make the sandstorm and wind and snow on the grassland, after being buffered by the yurt, form a gentle crescent slope behind it at an appropriate distance and then pile up. This is because the yurts have no water chestnuts, are smooth and round, and have a streamlined shape. The roof of the package is arched, and the strong bearing capacity (such as the arch of a bridge) forms a very strong whole. The wind is coming, and it can withstand a huge reaction force. The sand above flows away, and the sand below accumulates in the back. Build a sturdy yurt capable of withstanding force ten winds in winter and spring. 2) The yurt can also withstand the pouring rain on the grassland, which is all due to the morphological structure of the yurt. The wooden frame of the yurt in the rainy season should be relatively matched“steep”Some, and then cover the top felt, it is difficult for rain and snow to penetrate. The top of the bag is round again, and the rainwater can only flow away from the top felt. However, the pressure on the yurt will definitely increase in rainy days, and at the same time the yurt needs to bear the pressure of 2,000-3,000 catties, which is very common. The Mongolian yurts can withstand such a lot of pressure because the Mongolians are very knowledgeable about mechanics, and the wooden frame is very scientific, so they can share the pressure. 3) Inner Mongolia has been extremely cold since ancient times, but Mongolians have lived in yurts for generations, and I have never heard of one that was frozen. For one, there is fire in the bag, and the dung of cattle and sheep is a good fuel. Second, the felt bag in winter needs to be thicker outside, and a layer of felt needs to be tied inside, which has better windproof performance. Third, you can also put a heated kang in the bag, and how can it be cold with leather mattresses and quilts. 4) Yurts are warm in winter and cool in summer. Because it is a sphere, the whole body is white and has a very good reflection effect. The back can also open the wind window, and can also lift up the felt edge. 2. Adapt to nomadic life The Mongolian people are nomadic people and are engaged in nomadic production. The emergence of yurts has brought great convenience to free migration over thousands of miles. The basic structure of the yurt As a traditional Mongolian handicraft, the yurt has obvious Mongolian characteristics in its craft structure. Many nouns in the basic structure of yurts are transliterated from Mongolian. Yurts are differentiated according to the number of Hana. Hana is essentially a wooden skeleton used to wrap felt walls, and a group is a Hana. There are ten hanas, eight hanas, six hanas, and four hanas. The herdsmen will adjust and use them according to the population and living conditions of the family. Even though yurts vary in quality and decoration, the overall yurt structure is the same. The external products of the yurt include red felt top, felt top handle, buckle rope, felt top, string, rope, felt wall, belt, door, door curtain, etc. Red felt top, its Mongolian name is“The amount is equal to”, square, with four corners facing north, south, east, west, and four directions. The center of the room and the center of the skylight frame are facing the center of the red felt roof. Use shaggy rope as the edge, and the top surface is also used to roll the pattern of the cloud head to decorate the sewing. The red felt roof is used to adjust the temperature in the house. It is pressed at night and uncovered in the morning. The four sides of the red felt roof have thick wool buckle ropes, and the north, west and east are pressed against the lace on the outside of the skylight. There are Hana straps on it to use when pressing and pulling. The red felt top has a handle, which is made of three-foot-long, high-quality wood. It is tied to the thick wool buckle rope on the south side of the red felt top, which is used to fix it. The rafters and Hana are fastened with a cord. The roof is decorated with felt with cloud head pattern. The felt roof is the cover of the skylight frame, sewn with felt or reed, so as to adapt to the changes of the four seasons climate. The felt top is decorated with blue cloth along the edges and the pattern of rolling clouds. There is a kind of sewing made of reeds called reed tops. Snowproof in winter, rainproof in summer. The straps are the shaggy flat ropes that bind the felt walls, and they are stretched in two rows to tighten the felt walls. The basic structure of yurts is basically the above. Although the types of yurts are different, the basic structure of yurts is the same. As a national cultural heritage, Mongolian yurts should continue to be passed down, although nomadic herds have decreased now.